Kata kerja [verb]
Kata kerja dalam bahasa Spanyol dibentuk oleh dua bagian : kata dasar dan akhiran.
Kata dasar mengandung inti dan makna kata, dan akhiran merupakan penanda personal yang menunjukkan siapa yang melakukan pekerjaan itu dan kapan dilakukannya.
misal :
Camino [I walk] terdiri dari kata dasar camin- [dari caminar –> to walk] dan akhiran -o[menunjukkan subjek orang pertama tunggal dan present tense]
Kata dasar [infinitive]
En español, ada tiga akhiran yang menandakan bentuk kata kerja infinitif : -ar, -er, dan -ir.
Present tense
Present tense dalam bahasa Spanyol tidak persis seperti bahasa Inggris. Dalam bahasa Inggris kita mengenal simple present tense [mis : I walk] dan present continuous tense [I am walking]. Dalam bahasa Spanyol hanya ada satu bentuk present tense [ camino = I walk/am walking ]. Bahkan juga mencakup keadaan future tertentu.
Keadaan dimana diberlakukannya present tense :
– An action that occurs now.
misal : Camino a la parada de bus [ I walk/am walking to the bus stop]
– An ongoing experience.
misal : Fumo demasiado [I smoke too much]
– A future act that will occur soon within a specified time frame
misal : Empiezo el trabajo dentro de un mes [I will start the job within a month]
– An act that you wish to convince yourself, or others, will occur.
misal : Si encuentro un vestido rojo, lo compro [If I find a red dress, I will buy it]
– An action that occurs now.
misal : Camino a la parada de bus [ I walk/am walking to the bus stop]
– An ongoing experience.
misal : Fumo demasiado [I smoke too much]
– A future act that will occur soon within a specified time frame
misal : Empiezo el trabajo dentro de un mes [I will start the job within a month]
– An act that you wish to convince yourself, or others, will occur.
misal : Si encuentro un vestido rojo, lo compro [If I find a red dress, I will buy it]
Konjugasi/perubahan kata kerja present tense
1. Kata kerja berakhiran -ar
cantar [menyanyi]
1. Kata kerja berakhiran -ar
cantar [menyanyi]
[-o] [yo] canto
[-as] [tu] cantas
[-a] [el, ella, usted] canta
[-amos] [nosotros, nosotras] cantamos
[-an] [ellos, ellas, ustedes] cantan
[-as] [tu] cantas
[-a] [el, ella, usted] canta
[-amos] [nosotros, nosotras] cantamos
[-an] [ellos, ellas, ustedes] cantan
2. Kata kerja berakhiran -er
aprender [belajar]
[-o] [yo] aprendo
[-es] [tu] aprendes
[-e] [el, ella, usted] aprende
[-emos] [nosotros, nosotras] aprendemos
[-en] [ellos, ellas, ustedes] aprenden
[-es] [tu] aprendes
[-e] [el, ella, usted] aprende
[-emos] [nosotros, nosotras] aprendemos
[-en] [ellos, ellas, ustedes] aprenden
3. Kata kerja berakhiran -ir
vivir [hidup]
[-o] [yo] vivo
[-es] [tu] vives
[-e] [el, ella, usted] vive
[-imos] [nosotros, nosotras] vivimos
[-en] [ellos, ellas, ustedes] viven
[-es] [tu] vives
[-e] [el, ella, usted] vive
[-imos] [nosotros, nosotras] vivimos
[-en] [ellos, ellas, ustedes] viven
catatan : kata kerja yang bisa mengikuti konyugasi di atas adalah kata kerja beraturan.
Vocabulary
kata kerja [dasar] beraturan
kata kerja [dasar] beraturan
acudir | to frequent [a place] |
beber | to drink |
buscar | to look for |
caminar | to walk |
comprar | to buy |
cumplir | to carry out, keep |
discutir | to discuss |
estudiar | to study |
hablar | to speak |
recibir | to receive |
trabajar | to work |
aplaudir | to applaud, to approve |
contestar | to repond [to] |
debatir | to debate, to argue |
depender | to depend |
llegar | to arrive |
necesitar | to need |
transcurir | to pass, to elapse |
pagar | to pay |
preguntar | to ask |
remitir | to send |
sorprender | to surprise |
tomar | to take |
unir | to unite |
bienvivir | to live well |
confundir | to confuse |
cubrir | to cover |
decidir | to decide |
entrar | to enter |
interrumpir | to interrupt |
llevar | to carry, to wear |
ofender | to offend |
permitir | to permit |
preparar | to prepare |
resistir | to resist, to tolerate |
vender | to sell |
Latihan
abrir : [Yo] abro la puerta para entrar.
I open the door to come in.
deber : Nosotros debemos estudiar mejor.
We should study better.
caminar : Sandra y sus amigas caminan hacia la parada de autobus.Sandra and her friends are walking to the bus stop.
asistir : ¿Ustedes asisten la universidad?
Do you attend the university?
estudiar : [Yo] estudio los fines de semana.
I study on weekends.
acudir : Carlos, ¿por qué [tu] acudes los restaurantes italianos?
Carlos, why do you frequent Italian restaurants?
prometer : Juan promete hacer sus tareas.
Juan promises to do his chores.
cumplir : Usted siempre cumple con sus promesas.You always keep your promises.
aprender : [Yo] aprendo la lección.
I am learning the lesson.
beber : [Tu] bebes demasiado.You drink too much.
buscar : [Ellas] buscan a la calle Main.
They are looking for Main Street.
I open the door to come in.
deber : Nosotros debemos estudiar mejor.
We should study better.
caminar : Sandra y sus amigas caminan hacia la parada de autobus.Sandra and her friends are walking to the bus stop.
asistir : ¿Ustedes asisten la universidad?
Do you attend the university?
estudiar : [Yo] estudio los fines de semana.
I study on weekends.
acudir : Carlos, ¿por qué [tu] acudes los restaurantes italianos?
Carlos, why do you frequent Italian restaurants?
prometer : Juan promete hacer sus tareas.
Juan promises to do his chores.
cumplir : Usted siempre cumple con sus promesas.You always keep your promises.
aprender : [Yo] aprendo la lección.
I am learning the lesson.
beber : [Tu] bebes demasiado.You drink too much.
buscar : [Ellas] buscan a la calle Main.
They are looking for Main Street.
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